2/26/2023 0 Comments Zone of alienation mod![]() ![]() This account of the translational origins of Iranian modernity has been challenged by arguments for its indigenous origins. ![]() For Farhadpour, “Western history has always been modern,” whereas for Iranians, modernity is a situation ( vazʿiyat) to “step into.” “Beginning with the Constitutional Revolution ,” Farhadpour notes, “translation in its broadest sense is the only true form of thought for us” (Farhadpour, Parahā-ye fekr, 231 emphasis added). ![]() Iranians’ relation to modernity, Farhadpour argues, is “mediated through translation,” which in turn makes possible Iranians’ relationship to their tradition. “Whatever beauty is witnessed in Persian poetry today,” Shafiʿi-Kadkani insists, “is the result of grafting the tree of European culture onto that of Iranian culture.” By contrast, Iranian critic Morad Farhadpour has argued that all modern Iranian intellectual projects entail a kind of translation. ![]() In his landmark study of Iranian literary modernism, Mohammad Reza Shafiʿi-Kadkani rejects the ascription of originality to Iranian modernism. In most accounts of Iranian literary history, the translation of European literary works played a formative role in the redefinition of poetic discourse as well as in the introduction of new literary genres, such as the short story and the novel, to modern Persian literature. The history of Iranian modernism is inseparable from the history of literary translation. ![]()
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